However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. I love this article,very educating and interesting The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? /F5 18 0 R /Type /XObject International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. i dont have my first school leaving certificate. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . Hon. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. << Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. >> However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. Federalism in Nigeria. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. 3. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. Moreover, By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, This study, using content analysis, examined the impact of fiscal federalism and the struggles of ethnic minority groups in the Niger Delta on the trajectories of the national question in Nigeria. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. /Resources << /BitsPerComponent 8 Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. /F4 15 0 R Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively). Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. (8 Best Paying Jobs), General consensus among our leaders when seeking independence from Britain. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. Defence, Security, Economy and Development, Chigozirim Odinkalu, Ebenebe Ernest Onyeka, Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies (eJECS), International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS), Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| /Contents 4 0 R As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. ! /Type /Page Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . Ethnic, Religious and Geographical Factor 3.5 5. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. Excellent, thanks a lot f 74 . Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. << CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. /F6 21 0 R was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government.
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