Spire usually about equal to or greater than height of aperture (Figs. They are brown in color and have a striped pattern. Spilochlamys gravis The manual treats only those genera that occur in freshwater. Some shells may be heavily encrusted with mineral deposit and algae, which may obscure details of the sculpture and color. Fossaria is found throughout North America, and in northern Europe. Plane of aperture nearly vertical when viewed from the side. Males with penis at anterior right corner of mantle cavity. Tarebia granifera Last whorl distinctly shouldered. Shell olive-green with vertical reddish flames and spots. The International Commision on Zoological Nomenclature has ruled that AMPULLARIIDAE is the valid name for this family of snails. By 1973, more than 18,000 snails had been found and destroyed along with thousands of eggs, and the snail was . (Thompson, 2000). Paper fig A Florida Gulf Coast specialty shell! Penis simple, elongate-conical, without papillae (Fig. Overshadowing this genetic divergence are frequent examples of convergent evolution of similar adult shell characters among distantly related species. Malacological Review, 12: 41-49. 45). The island apple snail is the largest of the known species in Florida with shell sizes up to five inches in length. Shell generally elliptical in outline. Sculpture above periphery of whorls consisting of nodes arranged in vertical and spiral rows. Shell dark brown. Recent studies treat amnicolids as a separate families. Shell squat, compact, cylindric-conical in shape, thick and opaque. Aperture of shell closed by an operculum (snail must be collected live because the operculum is lost soon after death). Florida Shell Guide. Color often glossy reddish brown. Fine vertical ribs present on uppermost whorls. Occasional Papers on Mollusks, 2: 261-87. Essentially identical shells occur repeatedly among unrelated genera and subfamilies. Umbilicus narrow, without a strong circum-umbilical ridge, outer lip without a callus on inner surface. Adult shells small, less than 3 mm high; umbilicus closed by the reflected columellar lip; columellar margin of the aperture nearly straight, barely convex (Fig. The shell are secondarily useful for identification, but only when supplemented with anatomical information. Mantle diffusely pigmented or unpigmented. Size smaller than last species, seldom exceeding 10 mm in width (Figs.194-196). 180-193). Dipping them in a dilute solution of oxalic acid and gently scrubbing them with a fine brush can clean such specimens. Laevapex fuscus Planorbula armigera wheatleyi In 1976 in the St. Johns River 1 found Melanoides tuberculatus with population densities of 10,000/m2. (Lamarck, 1822). The deterioration process is not reversible. Shell short and stocky. 38). Shell medium-sized, 2.8 3.5 mm long; spire 0.9 1.1 times length of aperture; shell with 4.2-4.7 whorls (Fig. In some genera, eggs are deposited above the water in dry clusters on stems, trees, walls, etc. Aphaostracon xynoelictus 92). Sexes strongly dimorphic in size, males about half as long as females. Umbilicus broad, shallow (Fig. More data based on many population samples from throughout this range will be necessary before the validity of the three forms can be determined. Ferrissia hendersoni Few of the North American species have been studied to the extent that their taxonomy, geographic distributions, life histories, and ecology are documented. Malacological Review, 12: 87-88. Shell minute, 2.4-2.7 mm long; adults with 3.9-4.2 whorls; spire short, 0.8- 1.1 times height of aperture (Fig. (Pilsbry and Beacher, 1892). (Sowerby, 1878). Specimens then are placed in a fixative such as 10 percent formalin or Bouins Solution. (Jay, 1839). Newborn young about 3 mm in diameter. Operculum with about 3 whorls (Fig. Suture more deeply impressed. (Haldeman, 1841). (Fmr.) (Linnaeus, 1758). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 1: 97-239. Rasp Elimia The following shells are commonly found on Florida's beaches. Outer lip of aperture arched forward (Figs. Identification should conform with all data in the key and with geographic distributions. Haitia cubensis Apex fairly prominent as a rounded knob in the right posterior quadrant (Figs. Sculpture consisting of fine incremental threads, and spiral striations that may become obsolete at maturity. There is no consensus in systematic biology about how to treat these forms. 137, 139). 53). Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Pilidae): A freshwater snail introduced into Florida, U. S. A. Malacological Review, 30:91. Suture relatively deep, Whorls of spire rounded. Narrowly umbilicate. The family contains numerous genera and species, some of which are important medically as intermediate hosts for trematode parasites. Land Snail (Bulimulus sporadicus)A large group of Bulimulus sporadicus found in the Florida panhandle. 1969. Some were range extensions for species known to occur in adjacent areas. Shell with darker colored spiral chords that may be smooth or wavy. All freshwater limpets in the southeast belong to this family. common name: tree snails of Florida scientific name: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Bulimulidae Introduction - Identification - Key to the Bulimulidae of Florida - Selected References Introduction (Back to Top) Many snails are found in trees, but only a few are exclusively arboreal for most or all of their life cycle. Length of shell 2.0-2.5 mm (Fig. A press release sent from FDACS said that a gastropod enthusiast in Coconut Grove discovered the snail and sent it to the University of Florida for identification. The coloring makes state officials. Whorls 3.0-4.0. It should also be remembered that many groups have not been studied sufficiently, and the reader may have material that adds to or contradicts previously recorded information. Rhapinema dacryon Shape highly variable, usually disc-shaped but some specimens with flat-topped raised spire. Laevapex peninsulas Horse conch in mud Horse Conch snail The mature horse conch can be two feet long! Only Elimia is found in Florida. According to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), the giant African snail, commonly referred to as GALS by invasive-species aficionados, is native to East Africa . Two genera of North American freshwater snails: Marstonia Baker, 1926 resureected to generic status, and Floridobia, new genus (Prosobranchia, Hydrobiidae, Nymphophilinae). Surface smooth, glossy, striations when present very weak. Brackish-water genera, Onobops and Heleobops, that are common in Florida are omitted. Combining characteristics of cranes and rails, it . Penis with one papilla on left margin (Fig. It was first identified in Florida by Dr. Harry G. Lee, who discovered the snail in Duval County in 2009. Malacological Review, 19: 85-86. 32). (Lamark, 1822). This causes problems in species identification and yield an undermeasure of the actual number of species that exist in nature. Most inhabit fresh water, but some also occur in brackish water. 68); lobe and flagellum with various patterns of dermal glands; central tooth of radula with basocones located on reflected margin of tooth (Fig. Additional genera occur in the Orient, Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America. Vas deferens the only duct present in penis (Fig. Walkerana, 13: 1-108. Floridobia mica Floridobia alexander Subspecies bear the same name as the nominate subspecies, as is consistent with the standard used by the American Fisheries Society for fishes, and by other societies for other classes of animals. 170). (C.B. Body whorl inflated. After the snails have been in the fixative for a few minutes to several hours, depending upon their sizes, they should be rinsed in water and transferred to 70 percent ethyl alcohol. Peristome narrow to broadly ovate. Melanoides turricula Physid species have similar and superficially featureless, variable shells, and the shell is imprecise for identifying most genera and many species. The bio-economic importance of snails to environmental issues has become increasingly relevant because of the impact that economic development has on Florida waterways. Maiden Campeloma Shell with or without bright bands; with low wavy growth wrinkles; large but not robust, 23-28 mm long. Elimia annae Three species are known from rivers entering northwest Florida from Georgia and Alabama. Adults 9-15 mm wide (Figs. The species was eradicated again in 2021 after being detected in 2011 in Miami-Dade County, according to FDACS. Aphaostracon pachynotus Penny Sprite) Micromenetus floridensis (Baker, 1945). Video. 37), which is important for generic and specific diagnosis. Embryonic shell with a strong peripheral spiral chord that continues onto following whorls (Fig. 169, 172). 15, 18). Length of shell 2.0-2.4 mm (Fig. Shell subcircular, smooth, often encrusted with dark material. University of Illinois Press, Urbana. Genera that serve as intermediate hosts for schistosomatid trematodes have been studied extensively. Nuclear whorl 0.29-0.33 mm in diameter. Pewter Physa Primarily parthenogenetic; females viviparous with young snails in a brood pouch in nape. Contents 1 Shell description 2 Distribution 3 Ecology 4 References 5 Further reading Shell description [ edit] Five views of a shell of Pomacea paludosa Shell large, 4.0-4.6 mm long; thick and opaque. Parietal margin of operculum convex. Shell larger, 2.8-4.6 mm long; adults with 4.0-4.9 whorls; spire longer, 0.9-1.3 times height of aperture; superior tubercles not arranged in oblique longitudinal series. . Radial striations present on shell but not on apex. This family includes four North American genera, Amnicola, Dasyscia, Colligyrus and Lyogyrus, and the European genus Marstoniopsis and some Asian genera. The author has attempted to simplify the key to include the minimum anatomical data needed for accurate identification. B. Peristome ovate to subcircular. 199). 80). Two subfamilies occur in North America. Vertical sculpture reduced to irregularly spaced and uneven growth striations or low undulating ribs. 16, 22-28). Shell usually marked with red or rust-colored spots, flames, or bands (most apparent on juvenile specimens). Many samplings of hydrobiids collected during the period of May through September are not identifiable because only immature forms are present, and important diagnostic anatomical characteristics have not yet developed. Adults about 5 mm long (Figs. 135). 11). Female ovoviviparous with about 15 large embryos in uterus. Shell light brown and frequently mottled with rust-colored spots that may form a spiral row below the suture. Pomacea canaliculata 99). This is essential in the case of the Hydrobiidae. Published April 18, 2013 The primary differences between the two families are based on soft anatomy. Fingers crossed, it'll stay that way. Embryonic shell smooth, without spiral chords (Fig. The radula is then thoroughly rinsed in distilled water, stained, and mounted on a microscope slide. This species is a fast and voracious predator, hunting and eating other snails and slugs. Shell of various shapes and sculpture. Thompson, F. G. 1983. Lioplax pilsbryi pilsbryi (Thompson, 1968). Umbilicus narrow, deep (Fig. Penis with 0-6 papillae confined to right margin (Figs. Body whorl uniformly rounded peripherally (Fig. Shell with prominent ribs and spiral chords on all whorls. University of Florida Vas deferens independent of blind caecum and its duct. Hyacinth Siltsnail) Floridobia floridana (Frauenfeld, 1863). 1918. Aperture terminating below periphery of body whorl. Shell variable in shape, elongate to globose; usually not more than 5 mm in length; apex of spire seldom eroded (except in Somatogyrus); 4-6 whorls; shell smooth (except in Pyrgophorus and Tryonia); central tooth of radula with basal cusps (Figs. 201, 207). Weak spiral striations present on top of growth striations (Figs. Ecology: This large snail is found in freshwater lakes, rivers, streams, ponds and ditches, preferring slow-moving water. Body whorl strongly keeled as though pinched at the periphery (Figs. Floridobia wekiwae Suture not as deeply impressed as in 77b. A systematic study of the Family Physidae (Basommatophora: Pulmonata). (Thompson, 1968). 200, 206). Outer lip nearly straight and parallel to axis of shell in adults (Fig. They have been found in extremely high numbers in some crop fields, including corn, cotton, and peanuts, in home gardens, and around farm . 136, 138). Malacological Review, 24: 55-72. Typically, land snails live on or near the ground, feed on decaying plant matter, and lay their eggs in the soil. Nautilus, 19: 34. Eight species have been proposed. Penis with different arrangement of papillae than above. There have been introductions of this species into Argentina, the Atlantic Islands, Australia, Chile, Haiti, Mexico, New Zealand, and . Periphery of body whorl below middle, side of whorl flattened and sloping toward apex (Fig. 98). From a distance, the snail kite generally resembles a medium-sized hawk with broad wings. (Dall, 1885). It can grow to a length of 16 inches (400 millimeters) and is easily identifiable by the left-handed opening of the shell - meaning when you look at the shell, the opening is on the left. 33); males without copulatory structures. Shell conical or cylindric-conical. Umbilicus closed or narrowly perforate. Whorls uniformly rounded, not flattened above (Fig.144). Base of shell usually without spiral band. One to several dark growth-rest varixes usually present on last whorl. The current status of these introductions is not known. The horntail snail belongs to the genus Macrochlamys (family Ariophantidae), which has over a hundred described species distributed from South to Southeast Asia and southern China (Pholyotha et al. 6). Inside of lip with or without a reddish callus but callus never dark red in color. Until recently the entire knowledge of the Florida freshwater snail fauna was based on miscellaneous papers dealing with single species, groups of closely related species or single river systems. Elimia floridensis ssp. Bugle Sprite Female shell about 3.5-4.0 mm long (Fig. The family contains many genera and numerous species in South America, Central America, Mexico, Africa, and Southeast Asia. Our knowledge of the fauna has greatly increased during recent years, and a summary of this information was desirable to facilitate other kinds of study. Includes the limpkin, a Sunshine State specialty. 117). Shell conical, spire moderatly high. Operculum spiral, consisting of two or more rapidly increasing whorls (Fig. Pilsbry, H. A. Shell with spiral chords or spirally arranged series of nodes. A taxonomic revision of the feshwater snails referred to as Elimia curvicostata, and related secies. This family contains twelve genera in North America. Newborn young about 4.5 mm in diameter (this can be determined by removing juveniles from brood pouch). (Pilsbry, 1889). 132). Nautilus, 83: 72. 90). Peninsula Ancylid Giant African snails can lead to giant problems. Helisoma anceps anceps Some species that are endemic to Florida springs live in environments with nearly constant temperatures and apparently reproduce continuously throughout the year. 112), occurs in the Ocmulgee River system in Georgia. Bantam Hydrobe Shell translucent. Thompson, F. G. 1982. Some hydrobiid snails from Georgia and Florida. Occasional Papers on Mollusks, 2: 385-412. 159, 162, 165). Whorls of spire weakly scalariform, causing the suture to be deeply incised. Three occur in Florida. Planorbella duryi 89, 90). Females ovoviviparous or oviparous. (Thompson, 1968). 70, 71). Vail, V. A. Operculum with about 6 slowly expanding whorls (Fig. Shell usually opaque in adults, with a dark red callus inside the lip (Fig. Little is known about these animals, and diverse opinions exist as to how many species are recognizable. Height of shell about 23-26 mm (Figs. Lobe and flagellum with various patterns of dermal glands (Fig. Penis with a single papilla along left margin (Fig. With the exception of Liguus fasciatus, these snails have shells that vary in color from ivory to tan, often with brown markings.Liguus shells are brilliantly colored and are frequently marked with yellow, green, pink, and brown. Nat. Shell with 3-4 whorls. Littoridinops palustris Campeloma geniculum (Conrad, 1834) is readily recognized by its obese, solid shell; it usually has a normal proportion of males in its populations, although some populations are apomictic parthenogens. Apex of shell flat-topped, but sunken below periphery of last whorl. Shell cylindric-conical with 4.5-5.0 whorls. It also was the first adequately illustrated faunal summary published on the Southeast. Laevapex diaphanus (Lea, 1838). Vernacular names are given only for species. Melanoides tuberculata Shell moderately large, 3.7-4.5 mm long; spire 1.00-1.35 times length of aperture; shell with 4.8-5.4 whorls. Elimia athearni The systematic relationships of the hydrobiid snail genus Nymphophilus Taylor, 1966 and the status of the Subfamily Nymphophilinae. Umbilicus variable. Cockscomb Hydrobe Spilochlamys conica Spire short and compact, about 0.5-0.7 times height of aperture in mature specimens, proportionally longer in juveniles (Fig. Mimic Pondsnail Whorls 4.6-5.3. Shell medium-sized or large; 5.4-7.5 mm long; thick and opaque; ovate or globose; apical whorls depressed; sides of spire rounded; body whorl conspicuously enlarged, ample, rapidly descending to aperture along last half whorl. 148). A little practice may be necessary to perfect this relaxing procedure. There is much disagreement as to how many species actually exist. 83). 110). Shell nearly smooth, sculptured with irregularly spaced incremental striations (Figs. Teardrop Snail Taylor, D. W. 2003. Our state park system has won national awards . The first edition of The Freshwater Snails of Florida: a Manual for Identification was published in 1984. The radula can be studied by dissecting out the buccal mass and macerating it in clorox or sodium hydroxide. In Florida, the African land snail existed largely in Miami-Dade County, although hundreds of the pests were found in Broward County, specifically western Davie, in 2014. . Wekiwa Hydrobe The living snail is bright orange. Length of shell about 2.2-2.8 mm long (Fig. 4, 5). Vertical ribs relatively strong and more widely spaced. 7 new spider species . It is globose in shape, body whorls are wide, spire is depressed, and the aperature is narrowly oval (Burch 1982). Shell coiled to the left, with the aperture on the left side (Figs.147-158). Marisa cornuaurietus Shellolive-colored; spire straight-sided. (Fig.114). 158). Umbilical perforation wide, 1/6 to 1/8 diameter of shell. Newborn shells brown. (Clench & Turner, 1956). Lymnaeids are a nearly cosmopolitan family of freshwater snails.
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